Ventilator Makers Can Speed Up But Face Shortages of Parts (1)

Runaway demand for ventilators has laid bare a grim reality for physicians who need them to treat critically ill coronavirus patients: The U.S. doesn’t just have a shortage of ventilators; it doesn’t have enough parts needed to produce more.

That could make it difficult for automakers to fulfill President Donald Trump’s wish that they manufacture the life-saving devices. It’s also beginning to limit companies that specialize in making ventilators, which say their own factories can ramp up production but need suppliers across the globe to send more circuit boards, tubes and other parts.

Dutch company Royal Philips NV on Monday said it wants to double its ventilator output in the next eight weeks. The company recently had to step in to help one supplier in the Philippines get approval to remain open and make a sensor for its ventilators, despite the rest of the country being on lockdown.

A ventilator at the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center in New York on March 23.

Photographer: Angus Mordant/Bloomberg

“Even if you have a production line, you are still a long way off; it is all about getting all those components on time,” said Philips Chief Executive Officer Frans van Houten.

Vyaire Medical Inc. added a second shift at its ventilator factory in Palm Springs, California, but says its main limitation will be suppliers’ ability to deliver the circuit boards and other electronic components that go into the breathing machines, said Cheston Turbyfill, a company spokesman. Vyaire gets those parts from China and Malaysia and is trying to find additional suppliers.

Complex Machines

Ventilators are complex medical devices that pump air and oxygen into the lungs and remove carbon dioxide, assisting patients whose lungs otherwise can’t perform the job. The most critically ill coronavirus patients develop severe pneumonia, which can make the devices necessary.

Hospitals in hard-hit countries such as Italy and Spain don’t have as many ventilators as they need. Some doctors say they’ve had to choose which patients to save with limited devices.

Ventilator makers said that, until recently, most of their production was going to the most severely hit countries rather than to the U.S. But many hospitals think it’s just a matter of time before much of the U.S. is in desperate need of ventilators. Already, hospitals in New York City say they’re at the tipping point.

On Tuesday, the Trump administration invoked the Defense Production Act, a Korean War-era law that allows the president to force businesses to promote the national defense, to order the production of coronavirus test kits and masks. A spokesman for the Federal Emergency Management Agency had no immediate comment about whether the authority would be applied to other urgently needed medical supplies, such as ventilators or ventilator parts.

Vice President Mike Pence told Fox News on Tuesday that FEMA had shipped 2,000 ventilators to New York from the federal government’s strategic stockpile and planned to send another 2,000 on Wednesday. New York Governor Andrew Cuomo has said the state needs 30,000 additional machines.

Trump Go-Ahead

Assembling ventilators isn’t simple and requires factories that meet stringent sanitary requirements and other regulations. But even before production gets to that point, the manufacturer needs to find sources of components that go into making a device.

Right now, a handful of companies scattered around the world are responsible for 80% of ventilator production, according to an analysis provided by one leading manufacturer. They include Germany’s Draegerwerk AG; Philips in the Netherlands; Medtronic Plc, incorporated in Ireland with “operational headquarters” in Minneapolis; Getinge AB of Sweden; Switzerland’s Hamilton Medical AG; and Vyaire, which is based in Mettawa, Illinois. Of these, only Vyaire and Philips have assembly plants in the U.S., the analysis shows.

Trump on Sunday tweeted that Ford Motor Co., General Motors and Tesla Inc. have been “given the go ahead to make ventilators.” It was unclear what Trump meant, but the car companies did say they are assessing whether their manufacturing facilities could be brought to the level required by the Food and Drug Administration for making medical devices.

General Motors said last week that it’s helping Ventec Life Systems, based in Bothell, Washington, ramp up production of ventilators and other equipment by lending “logistics, purchasing and manufacturing expertise.” Ford on Tuesday said it plans to build a simplified ventilator in partnership with General Electric Co. -- but that production might not begin until “early June.”

Automakers that try to make ventilators on their own might find a shortage of necessary ventilator parts, said Mark Van Sumeren, a consultant for medical-device companies in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

“It misses a little bit of the point,” said Van Sumeren of using automakers to assemble ventilators. “I don’t think the issue is the capacity of the final manufacturing. The issue is production of components.”

Offshore Production

Calumet Electronics, a circuit-board manufacturer in Calumet, Michigan, usually takes several weeks to deliver a new order. But last week, according to Chief Operations Officer Todd Brassard, the company received orders for 22,000 circuit boards for ventilators and X-Ray machines that were needed within a week.

Though the U.S. had more than 2,000 printed circuit board shops like Calumet in the early 2000s, so much production has moved to Asia that now there are fewer than 200, Brassard said, and only a fraction of those are able to create boards for medical devices.

The company put the medical-device orders to the front of their production queue, Brassard said. After posting on Facebook that Calumet was creating ventilator circuit boards, Brassard said other potential customers called to ask about their production capacity.

The printed circuit boards Calumet produces have to be populated, industry parlance for having the components -- mainly semiconductors -- installed onto them and connected. Chips are manufactured, packaged and tested all over the world, adding yet another logistical hurdle.

“People are realizing that there aren’t enough machines out there,” Brassard said.

(Adds shipment of ventilators to New York in 10th paragraph and names of additional manufacturers in 12th paragraph.)

--With assistance from Zeke Faux, Ben Brody and Ian King.

To contact the reporters on this story:
Joe Light in Washington at jlight8@bloomberg.net;
Zachary R. Mider in New York at zmider1@bloomberg.net;
Ellen Proper in Amsterdam at eproper@bloomberg.net

To contact the editors responsible for this story:
Sara Forden at sforden@bloomberg.net

Robert Friedman

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