BGOV OnPoint: Republicans Pass Sweeping Tax, Border Bill

July 7, 2025, 9:00 AM UTC

Republicans delivered on President Donald Trump’s domestic policy agenda by passing a $3.4 trillion reconciliation bill that lowers taxes, provides funding for immigration enforcement and defense, rolls back clean energy programs, cuts social safety net programs, and raises the debt limit.

House and Senate Republicans, despite internal divisions and multiple revisions to the text, were able to meet Trump’s self-imposed July 4 deadline to get the measure (H.R. 1, see BGOV Bill Analysis) to his desk. Republicans used the budget reconciliation process to bypass the Senate filibuster, allowing them to advance the measure without any Democratic support. ...

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