Whenever U.S. stores, restaurants and theaters reopen from coronavirus shutdowns, they may face an unexpected problem: lawsuits from sick patrons and workers.
Business owners hit hard by
A wave of personal-injury cases could
“The liability concern is a real issue,” said Harold Kim, president of the Chamber’s Institute for Legal Reform. “Right now they’re asking: how do we protect ourselves against risk. The worst-case scenario is that companies will not want to open their doors because the liability risk is so great.”
The scope of the pandemic is creating uncertainty about how the courts will apply standard legal principles, similar to how the system was tested by lawsuits over asbestos, said
Greatest Risk
“There will likely be many workman compensation claims because of the ease of filing, there is no requirement to prove negligence, and for many people their greatest contact with others, and hence the greatest chance of contracting the virus, is at work,” said Boies, whose clients include numerous large companies.
The
State governors say they will
But following the advice of public-health officials may not be enough to limit the spread of the virus or liability for companies, said Heidi Li Feldman, a professor at Georgetown University Law Center in Washington.
‘Human Lives’
“Until there’s a vaccine or cure, it’s not going to be advisable for businesses to say they’re risking human lives to restore the economy,” Feldman said.
For those that reopen before eradication, there is an increased risk that customers will claim they got sick and suffered due to the company’s negligence, said John Goldberg, a professor at Harvard Law School and an expert in tort law. Plaintiffs must show, among other things, that the business breached a duty of care owed to the customers and that its actions caused them harm, Goldberg said.
In the case of Carnival, where thousands of cruise-goers were confined on a ship for more than a week, the plaintiffs
Princess declined to comment on pending litigation, but said, “Our response throughout this process has focused on the well-being of our guests and crew within the parameters dictated to us by the government agencies involved and the evolving medical understanding of this new illness.”
For customers of millions of public shops and restaurants, where people come and go, it will be much harder to prove that a business’s actions are responsible for their sickness.
“It may be easy to claim that there was undue exposure in a particular store, but very difficult to prove that that the person with Covid-19 contracted it because of exposure in any particular place,” said Mike Steenson, who teaches at Mitchell Hamline School of Law in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
To prevail, an infected customer must show he or she didn’t have the virus before visiting the business, said Benjamin Zipursky, a law professor at Fordham University. A plaintiff also would have to prove they had no contact with anyone or any shared spaces from the time they left home to the time they reached the business, or on the way back -- a tall order.
“Most plaintiffs aren’t going to be anywhere near being able to prove all those things,” Zipursky said.
Long Incubation
Complicating matters is the long incubation period for the virus, which can last two weeks, said Nicholas Rozansky, an attorney with Brutzkus Gubner in Los Angeles, whose clients include retailers in the toy and apparel industry.
“How can you prove with a preponderance of evidence that you got it at a particular location -- it’s already difficult to do that with food poisoning, which happens a lot quicker,” Rozansky said.
While proving personal injury cases will be difficult, juries may still question whether companies went far enough to protect customers, like cleaning surfaces regularly, keeping patrons far apart and checking workers for virus symptoms. Legal experts said businesses that relax enforcement measures could find themselves on the hook even if evidence doesn’t show they had a direct link to the plaintiff getting sick, although businesses might then prevail on appeal.
Many companies are urging Congress to grant them limited immunity from litigation that arises from coronavirus-related issues, except in cases of gross negligence.
“There are things that we can and should do to provide a greater degree of certainty, and relieve the economy and business of unnecessary financial burden,” said
Workers’ Compensation
Unlike customers, employees who get the virus have fewer legal options, with most cases confined to workers’ compensation claims that don’t go through the court system, said Gregory Keating, a law professor at the University of Southern California.
With such claims, employees can get compensated for work-related injuries without proving an employer was negligent. It’s a lesser burden than making the case to a judge or jury, but damages are likely lower than in personal-injury lawsuits.
Still, some have taking their cases to court, including a
Companies that take reasonable precautions as they resume operations should get favorable treatment from judges, their lawyers say.
“The courts should not impose a standard of liability that results in businesses not being able to operate,” Boies said. “That is as damaging to the economy as an edict that says you can’t open.”
--With assistance from
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